Short and efficient route toward α-substituted N-arylazetidines from acetanilides via Mitsunobu reaction

N-Arylazetidines are efficiently obtained in a three-step procedure, providing a wide diversity of derivatives on multigram scale with overall yields of 21–55%. Cheap or easily available acetanilides are used in an adapted aldolization with aldehydes, furnishing β-hydroxyamides with an 81% average yield over 21 examples. Special Mitsunobu conditions have been developed to ensure the cyclization of these hydroxyamides, giving β-lactams with an 73% average yield over 16 examples. A reduction then provided the N-arylazetidines in high yields.     

Magnetoelectric effect in cobalt ferrite-barium titanate composites and their electrical properties

CoFe₂O₄-BaTiO₃ composites were prepared using conventional ceramic double sintering process with various compositions. Presence of two phases in the composites was confirmed using X-ray diffraction. The dc resistivity and thermoemf as a function of temperature in the temperature range 300 K to 600 K were measured. Variation of dielectric constant (ɛ′) with frequency in the range 100 Hz to 1 MHz and also with temperature at a fixed frequency of 1 kHz was studied. The ac conductivity was derived from dielectric constant (ɛ′) and loss tangent (tan δ). The nature of conduction is discussed on the basis of small polaron hopping model. The static value of magnetoelectric conversion factor has been studied as a function of magnetic field.     

(111) facets as the origin of reconstructed Au(110) surfaces

The Au(110) surface has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. The reconstructed surface consists of long ribbons of narrow (111) facets along the [1$\text{1}$0] direction with maximum three free rows. Two-row facets give rise to the 1 × 2 reconstruction of the missing-row type, while three-row facets account for the 1 × 3 reconstruction. Disorder arises from locally random sequences of the two facets.     

Preparation of polymer nanocomposites with “ultrahigh” refractive index

Nanocomposites of lead sulfide and several polymers, especially poly(ethyleneoxide), were prepared by coprecipitation of lead sulfide and polymer, followed by a drying and pressing procedure. Such nanocomposites consist of ca. 90% w/w (or ca. 50% v/v) lead sulfide, of particle dimensions of 2–40 nm. The refractive index of these materials is on the order of 3 and therefore, to the authors' best knowledge, is the highest reported for any polymer composite.     

Energy dependence of multiplicity in proton-nucleus collisions and models of multiparticle production

This is a continuation of our earlier investigation (Gurtuet al 1974Phys. Lett. 50 B 391) on multiparticle production in proton-nucleus collisions based on an exposure of emulsion stack to 200 GeV/c beam at the NAL. It is found that the ratioR _em = 〈n _s〉/〈n _ch〉, where 〈n _ch〉 is the charged particle multiplicity in pp-collisions, increases slowly from about 1 at 10 GeV/c to 1·6 at 68 GeV/c and attains a constant value of 1·71 ± 0·04 in the region 200 to 8000 GeV/c. Furthermore,R _em = 1·71 implies an effectiveA-dependence ofR _A =A ^0.18,i.e., a very weak dependence. Predictions ofR _em on various models are discussed and compared with the emulsion data. Data seem to favour models of hadron-nucleon collisions in which production of particles takes place through adouble step mechanism,e.g., diffractive excitation, hydrodynamical and energy flux cascade as opposed to models which envisage instantaneous production.     

Carbon-on-metal films for surface plasmon resonance detection of DNA arrays

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging affords label-free monitoring of biomolecule interactions in an array format. A surface plasmon conducting metal thin film is required for SPR measurements. Gold thin films are traditionally used in SPR experiments as they are readily functionalized with thiol-containing molecules through formation of a gold-sulfur bond. The lability of this gold-thiol linkage upon exposure to oxidizing conditions and ultraviolet light renders these surfaces incompatible with light-directed synthetic methods for fabricating DNA arrays. It is shown here that applying a thin carbon overlayer to the gold surface yields a chemically robust substrate that permits light-directed synthesis and also supports surface plasmons. DNA arrays fabricated on these carbon-metal substrates are used to analyze two classes of biomolecular interactions: DNA-DNA and DNA-protein. This new strategy allows the combinatorial study of binding interactions directly from native, unmodified biomolecules of interest and offers the possibility of discovering new ligands in complex mixtures such as cell lysates.     

-regularity, -fibrant Hochschild homology, and a conjecture of Vorst

In this paper we prove that for an affine scheme essentially of finite type over a field and of dimension , -regularity implies regularity, assuming that the characteristic of is zero. This verifies a conjecture of Vorst.

     

Synthesis of a neamine dimer targeting the dimerization initiation site of HIV-1 RNA

A neamine dimer designed to bind to a specific sequence of HIV-1 RNA has been synthesized. Starting from neomycin B (1), a five-step synthesis efficiently provided a key protected neamine monomer 6 (28%). From the latter, coupling reactions with activated diacids gave dimers. After deprotection, a neamine dimer was obtained as the hexachlorohydrate salt 15 with 13% overall yield over nine steps.     

étale Descent for Two-Primary Algebraic K -Theory of Totally Imaginary Number Fields

We show that the natural map from 2-adic algebraic K-theory to 2-adic étale K-theory induces an isomorphism in positive degrees for rings of 2-integers in totally imaginary number fields. In this sense, 2-adic algebraic K-theory of totally imaginary number fields satisfies étale descent in positive degrees.